As the Rio Carnival wrapped up yesterday, Brazil's “Queen of the Drums” Erika Januza will be shimmying over to Cape Town to appear at that city's carnival this weekend.
In some ways, adding a Rio element to the Cape Town carnival makes perfect sense. Rio's is, after all, renowned as one of the largest and most spectacular carnivals in the world. And though they are 6,000km apart, the two cities have much in common, both being sprawling cities between mountains and the Atlantic, with celebrated beaches and lively cultural scenes. They even have alliterative nicknames — while Cape Town is the Mother City, Rio is known as the Marvellous City.
Of course, there are important differences too, which make Rio, on the southeastern coast of Brazil, an alluring destination in its own right. For one, there is its tropical climate, with warm temperatures and high humidity, making it a great pick for a holiday any time of the year. Plus, its wealth of attractions will keep you enthralled for days. Here are some highlights.
WHY IT’S CALLED RIO DE JANEIRO
“Rio de Janeiro,” translates to “River of January.” The name was chosen by Portuguese explorers who arrived in the area in January 1502 and mistakenly believed that Guanabara Bay, Brazil’s second largest bay and now home to Rio’s port, was the mouth of a river.
4 MAJOR ATTRACTIONS
SUGARLOAF MOUNTAIN
Pão de Açúcar is a prominent peak situated at the entrance of Guanabara Bay. Rising 396m above sea level, it offers stunning panoramic views of the city and coastline. Visitors can reach the summit via a cable car (Bondinho do Pão de Açúcar,), which operates in two stages: from the base at Praia Vermelha to the intermediate station at Morro da Urca, and then from Morro da Urca to the summit of Sugarloaf. Adventure enthusiasts can hike to the station at Morro da Urca, a scenic and relatively easy trail that takes about 30-40 minutes. Rock climbers can tackle Sugarloaf, whose granite face offers various climbing routes catering to different skill levels. Professional guides and climbing tours are available.
CHRIST THE REDEEMER
The world-famous symbol of the city, Cristo Redentor is an iconic statue of Jesus Christ perched atop Corcovado Mountain within the Tijuca National Park in the west. At 710m above sea level, the statue itself is 30m tall with an 8m pedestal, and its outstretched arms span 28m, making it one of the largest Art Deco statues in the world. Visitors can reach it via a scenic ride on the Corcovado Rack Railway or by minibus from various locations in the city. Made from reinforced concrete and soapstone, it was completed in 1931 and declared one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in 2007.
TIJUCA NATIONAL PARK
When this area was discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, it was covered in dense rainforest, part of the Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica), which covered much of Brazil's eastern coast. However, it was significantly cleared during the 18th and 19th centuries for agriculture, particularly for coffee plantations and urban development. This extensive deforestation led to severe environmental issues, including soil erosion, water shortages and flash floods.
To solve this, Emperor Pedro II of Brazil initiated a project in 1861 aimed at replanting the area with native trees. Over the next few decades, thousands of trees were planted. The national park was officially established in 1961 and, covering 32km2, is today one of the largest urban forests in the world. Besides Christ the Redeemer, the park offers numerous trails, waterfalls and scenic viewpoints for visitors to enjoy. See parquenacionaldatijuca.rio/
THE BEACHES
Rio is home to several beaches, two of which are among the most famous in the world. The 4km-long Copacabana is known for its vibrant atmosphere, golden sands and lively promenade. It's also famous for hosting major events, including epic New Year’s parties, and is a magnet for sports enthusiasts with games such as beach volleyball, soccer and more. The other is Ipanema Beach, which is slightly quieter with more of an upscale vibe and trendy nightlife. Strollers, roller bladers and joggers rule on Sundays, when the Avenida Vieira Souto, the road that runs along the beachfront, is closed to vehicles.
For something more secluded, crescent-shaped Prainha Beach, about 40km west of the city, is known for its pristine waters, soft sand and tranquil atmosphere. The good news if you hate cold water is that it is generally warm in Rio, averaging 22°C in winter (June to August) to 26°C in summer (December to March).
3 AMAZING MUSEUMS
MUSEUM OF TOMORROW
The Museu do Amanhã is a futuristic science museum that explores themes of sustainability and the Earth’s future through interactive exhibits and innovative design. Along the waterfront of Guanabara Bay, the building itself features a futuristic and organic design that resembles a spaceship or a bird in flight. The museum aims to inspire visitors to think about the challenges and opportunities humanity will face in the coming decades.
MUSEUM OF THE REPUBLIC
The Museu da República is housed in the mid-19th century Catete Palace, a historical landmark and stunning example of neoclassical architecture. The official residence of Brazilian presidents from 1897 to 1960, the palace witnessed significant events, including the suicide of President Getúlio Vargas in 1954. Today, the museum houses artefacts, documents and personal items from Brazil's political history, which tell the story of its transition from monarchy to republic. Visitors can also explore the beautifully preserved rooms and lush gardens. (Note that that museum is temporarily closed, and set to reopen in May 2025).
NITERÓI MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY ART (MAC)
Designed by famed Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer, this spaceship-like structure was completed in 1966, a striking example of modernist architecture. Its location on a cliff overlooking Guanabara Bay adds to its drama and rotating exhibitions mean that there is always something new and exciting to see inside. See the website here.
5 MUST-TRY FOODS
FEIJOADA: Considered Brazil's national dish, this hearty stew is made with black-beans and pork and is typically served with rice and orange slices.
MOQUECA DE PEIXE: This Brazilian seafood stew is typically made with shrimp or fish in a base of tomatoes, onions, garlic, lime, coriander, palm oil and coconut milk.
BRIGADEIRO: This traditional Brazilian dessert is made from hot condensed milk, cocoa powder and chocolate sprinkles.
PÃO DE QUEIJO: Delicious rolls made from tapioca flour and cheese, they have a crispy exterior and a soft, chewy interior.
CAIPIRINHA: Brazil's national cocktail, made with cachaca (a sugar cane spirit), lime, sugar and ice.
3 SPOTS FOR A SELFIE
THE SELARÓN STAIRCASE
Escadaria Selarón, also known as the “Lapa Steps”, is a colourful mosaic staircase made by Chilean-born artist Jorge Selarón. Started in 1990, his project to brighten the dilapidated steps that ran past his house turned into an obsession and eventually his world-famous “tribute to the Brazilian people”. The 215 steps are adorned with more than 2,000 tiles from more than 60 countries, many of which were donated by visitors.
LITTLE AFRICA
The neighbourhoods of Saúde, Gamboa and Santo Cristo, near the port, are known as “Pequena África”, a major settlement area for freed African slaves in the 19th century which has become a vibrant centre for Afro-Brazilian culture. Visitors can explore important cultural landmarks such as the Valongo Wharf (Cais do Valongo), a Unesco World Heritage site, and the Pedra do Sal, a historic site known for its samba gatherings.
The area also features museums, cultural centres and street art that celebrate Rio’s Afro-Brazilian heritage.
In the Gamboa neighbourhood, you will find the Mercedes Baptista sculpture, which honours a pioneering Afro-Brazilian dancer. She was the first black woman to join the Municipal Theatre Ballet in Rio and played a significant role in promoting Afro-Brazilian culture through dance.
THE LAPA ARCHES
The Arcos da Lapa, whose official name is the Carioca Aqueduct, was completed in 1723 to bring fresh water from the Carioca River to the city. The 42 Roman-style arches make it the largest colonial building in Brazil, but the arches have also become a symbol of Rio's nightlife thanks to their central location in the eponymous neighbourhood, which is known for its bars, samba clubs and live-music venues.
3 UNIQUE CULTURAL EXPERIENCES
DANCE THE SAMBA
Learn the moves of Brazil's most famous dance. Rio is renowned for its vibrant dance culture, which includes samba, the most iconic dance style in Brazil. Samba is deeply rooted in Brazilian culture and is a key element of Rio's famous Carnival celebrations. Rio Samba Dancer offers basic samba lessons followed by a night of dancing at a local club to a live band.
TAKE A FAVELA TOUR
Favelas are informal settlements that have developed on the hillsides and outskirts of Rio. These impoverished neighbourhoods are home to a significant portion of Rio's population. Tours often include visits to local businesses, community projects and landmarks. Expect to see street art, interact with residents and learn about the challenges and successes of favela life. Take care to book with reputable tour companies that conduct their visits with respect and sensitivity. Try Favela Adventures, which offers tours led by residents of Rocinha, the largest favela in Brazil, and which reinvests funds from its tours into the community or Favela Walking Tour.
ATTEND A CANDOMBLÉ CEREMONY
Candomblé is an Afro-Brazilian religious practice that originated from traditions brought to Brazil by African slaves. Blending elements of African religions, Catholicism and indigenous beliefs, it centres on the worship of orixás, which are deities or spirits that represent natural forces and elements, such as water, wind, and forests. Ceremonies involve music, dance, drumming, elaborate dress and offerings to honour the orixás. These are held in terreiros, Candomblé temples or worship spaces.
Terreiros welcome visitors who are interested as long as they are respectful, though it's best to arrange a visit through a reputable tour company or local guide who can provide insights into the customs and protocols of the ceremonies. Try Rio Alternative Tour or Brazil Expedition.
3 DAY TRIPS FROM RIO
PETRÓPOLIS
Located about 68km north of Rio, Petrópolis is known as the “Imperial City” due to its historical significance as the summer residence of Brazil's emperors. Visitors can explore the Imperial Museum, the Crystal Palace, and the beautiful gardens.
ILHA GRANDE
About 150km southwest of Rio, Ilha Grande is a stunning island paradise with pristine beaches, lush rainforests and excellent hiking trails.
PARATY
About 240km southwest of Rio, Paraty is a charming colonial town with well-preserved architecture, cobblestone streets and a vibrant arts scene. The town is also a gateway to beautiful beaches and islands, making it an ideal spot for both cultural and natural exploration.
